COVID-19: Understanding What We Know After Five Years

A New Virus Emerges (1/10)

In December 2019, a new virus appeared in China and rapidly spread worldwide, raising global concerns — including from the World Health Organization (WHO). This highly contagious infectious disease, later named COVID-19, led to an unprecedented global pandemic.

The First Diagnosed Cases in France (2/10)

In France, the first confirmed cases were reported at the end of January 2020. About twenty days later, the country recorded its first deaths linked to the virus.

The Lockdown (3/10)

A national lockdown was implemented on March 17, 2020. Although it was lifted less than two months later, wearing a mask became mandatory.
At the same time, authorities — in partnership with the Pasteur Institute — began planning a massive vaccination campaign.

Many Questions Remain (4/10)

Several pharmaceutical companies, including Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson, developed vaccines in record time.
This raised many questions and debates concerning their safety, efficiency, and long-term effects.

Confirmed Side Effects (5/10)

After millions of doses administered and almost five years of data, medical specialists have reported known adverse effects such as high blood pressure, myocarditis/pericarditis, allergic reactions, and heavy menstrual bleeding.
Most of these remain rare but are documented in scientific literature.

Serious Side Effects? (6/10)

To this day, some people — including certain scientists — continue to question whether COVID-19 vaccines may be linked to various health conditions.
A recent large-scale study examined this question further.

This study was conducted by the Global Vaccine Data Network, involving more than 99 million people across eight countries: Argentina, Australia, Canada, France, Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, and Scotland.
Its findings were published in the scientific journal Vaccine.

Words From the Researchers (8/10)

“Most of the vaccinated individuals were between 20 and 59 years old, and France was the country where the highest number of doses were administered,” the researchers explained. The vaccines examined were produced by Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca.
These results added to the ongoing debates among healthcare professionals and patients alike.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Venous Thrombosis (9/10)

Researchers observed an increase in cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) following the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine.

• Guillain-Barré syndrome typically causes progressive muscle weakness.

• Cerebral venous thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein in the brain, obstructing blood circulation.

French basketball player Victor Wembanyama previously suffered from a form of thrombosis, which forced him to end his season.

More Research Is Needed (10/10)

In addition, all vaccines showed an increased risk of myocarditis and pericarditis — inflammations of the heart muscle or its surrounding tissue — although these events remain rare.

“Other issues have been identified that require further research,” the journal notes.
Researchers emphasize that additional investigation is necessary to fully understand the relationship between vaccination and these adverse events.

Conclusion

COVID-19 vaccines were developed under urgent circumstances during a global health crisis.
After nearly five years of real-world data and scientific analysis, we now have a clearer — though still evolving — understanding of the possible side effects associated with these vaccines.

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