Most of us rarely think about our kidneys. They work quietly day and night, filtering toxins and keeping our body’s fluid balance in check. Because they do their job so silently, many people don’t notice kidney problems until they’ve already become serious.

Worldwide, more than 800 million people live with chronic kidney disease — often without knowing it. A routine urine test showing protein in the urine is sometimes the first sign that the kidneys are under stress.

But here’s something many people overlook: certain medications, especially when taken incorrectly or without medical supervision, can slowly weaken kidney function.

Let’s explore some common drugs that may affect the kidneys, and what safer steps you can take with proper medical advice.

1. Omeprazole and Other Acid-Reducing Medications

If you’ve dealt with heartburn or acid reflux, you may have used omeprazole or another proton pump inhibitor (PPI). These medications are extremely effective — but long-term, unsupervised use has been linked to possible kidney injury.

What starts as mild irritation may progress to chronic kidney problems over time.

Possible alternative: Some people may do better with gentler options like famotidine (an H2 blocker), but only your doctor can determine what’s best for you.

2. Ibuprofen and Other Pain Relievers

Ibuprofen is one of the most common household medications. But it belongs to a group called NSAIDs — drugs that can reduce kidney blood flow.

Using NSAIDs frequently or in high doses, especially in older adults, can increase the risk of kidney injury.

Safety reminder: It’s best not to use ibuprofen for more than 10 days in a row unless a doctor says otherwise.

3. Aspirin, Naproxen, and Diclofenac

These pain relievers are also NSAIDs. Overuse doesn’t just affect the kidneys — it may raise blood pressure, cause fluid retention, and contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease.

Warning symptoms may include: bloating, nausea, tiredness, or reduced urination.

If these appear, contact your doctor.

4. Certain Antibiotics

Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and amikacin can be life-saving — but they are known to be potentially harmful to the kidneys.

Doctors use them only when necessary and monitor patients closely to prevent kidney damage.

Always feel comfortable asking your healthcare provider about how these medications may affect you.

5. Lithium for Bipolar Disorder

Lithium has been a trusted treatment for bipolar disorder for decades, but long-term use can affect the kidneys and interfere with the body’s ability to regulate fluids.

This medication requires regular monitoring, including blood tests and kidney function checks.

6. Diuretics (“Water Pills”)

Diuretics help the body release excess salt and water and are commonly used to treat high blood pressure and swelling.

But taking too much, or adjusting the dose without guidance, can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances — which can stress the kidneys.

Important: Never change your diuretic dose without a doctor’s instruction.

7. Certain Blood Pressure Medications

Some medications that affect the renin-angiotensin system (like ACE inhibitors or ARBs) can influence kidney function. However, they are also crucial for protecting the heart and managing high blood pressure — major risk factors for kidney disease.

Because of their benefits, these medications should never be stopped suddenly. If you have concerns, your doctor can help adjust your treatment safely.

Everyday Habits That Protect Kidney Health

You can support your kidneys with healthy daily choices:

• Check your blood pressure regularly.

• Stay at a healthy weight to reduce stress on the kidneys.

• Keep blood sugar under control if you have diabetes.

• Ask for routine urine tests to detect early warning signs.

• Avoid taking medications without guidance — even those sold over the counter.

• Don’t smoke, and limit alcohol.

• Keep your cholesterol and triglycerides in a healthy range.

Kidney health is closely tied to heart health, so protecting one supports the other.

The Bottom Line

Kidney disease often develops quietly, long before symptoms appear. That’s why it’s so important to understand how certain medications may affect kidney function — especially when used long-term or without guidance.

By staying informed, asking questions, and working with your healthcare provider, you can protect your kidneys and maintain your overall health.

Your kidneys work nonstop for you. Taking steps to protect them — today and every day — is one of the most powerful ways to safeguard your long-term well-being.

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